MEMS Fourier Transform Spectrometer for Earth Observation

Lightweight, power-efficient, low-cost, yet efficient, sensors are highly sought after for space applications. Hyperspectral and ultraspectral (spectroscopic) remote sensors are of particular interest since they are the prime tool to carry out global observation of planet’s atmospheres, including the Earth, and the requirements on remote sensors keep becoming even more stringent. Novel disruptive technologies are therefore needed. Over the recent years, the concept of highly miniaturized micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) monolithically embedded into silicon wafers has been developed to a stage at which “chip” based spectrometers have been demonstrated and become available for small satellite Earth Observation applications.

The group works in evaluating the relevance of such a novel device for low-cost nanosatellite based Earth observation, and more particularly the remote sounding of greenhouse gases using solar scattered radiation in the short wave infrared. A MEMS-based Fourier transform spectrometer has been evaluated for this application in the laboratory using gas cell analogues and underwent space environment testing to study the impact of space qualification on the MEMS spectrometer. At the same time, the laboratory test data on the MEMS sensor informs a modelling activity aiming to provide a first evaluation of the prospect of this ultra-miniaturized technology for greenhouse gas observation from nanosatellite platforms.